The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the French league champions and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger opened the net early on.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times late to seize a shock advantage. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the dying seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 years.